Know the Signs and Symptoms
What Is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breast. The cancer can start in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple (ductal carcinoma) or in the lobules (glands that produce milk) (lobular carcinoma). Breast cancer can also occur in the connective tissue that surrounds the breast (sarcoma). In most cases, breast cancer starts with a lump or a thickening in the breast, but it can also cause changes in the skin, nipple, or other breast tissue.
Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer
The most common symptom of breast cancer is a lump or thickening in the breast. However, there are many other signs and symptoms that may indicate breast cancer, including:
1. Changes in the size or shape of the breast
2. Dimpling or puckering of the skin on the breast
3. A nipple that turns inward (inverted nipple)
4. Redness or scaling of the nipple or breast skin
5. Nipple discharge that is not breast milk
6. Swelling of all or part of the breast
7. Pain in the breast or nipple
8. A lump or swelling under the arm
It's important to note that not all lumps in the breast are cancerous, and not all breast cancers cause lumps. Inflammatory breast cancer, for example, can cause redness, swelling, and warmth in the breast, but may not produce a lump. That's why it's important to see a doctor if you notice any changes in your breasts.
Breast Self-Exam and Clinical Breast Exam
Breast self-exam and clinical breast exams are two ways to detect breast cancer early. A breast self-exam is something that you can do at home, while a clinical breast exam is done by a healthcare professional. During a breast self-exam, you'll look at and feel your breasts for any changes, such as lumps or thickening. Clinical breast exams are typically done during regular check-ups with your doctor.
Mammogram
A mammogram is a type of X-ray that can detect breast cancer before you can feel a lump. The American Cancer Society recommends that women at average risk of breast cancer get a mammogram every year starting at age 40. Women at higher risk of breast cancer may need to start getting mammograms earlier or more often.
Breast MRI and Ultrasound
A breast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and ultrasound are additional imaging tests that can be used to detect breast cancer. These tests may be recommended for women at high risk of breast cancer.
Genetic Testing
If you have a family history of breast cancer, you may be at higher risk of developing the disease. Genetic testing can identify if you have inherited a mutation in the breast cancer genes, BRCA1 or BRCA2, which can increase your risk of developing breast cancer. If you test positive for a BRCA mutation, you may choose to take preventive measures, such as having your breasts removed (mastectomy) or taking medication to reduce your risk.
Conclusion
Breast cancer is a serious disease, but with early detection and treatment, it can be more survivable. Know the signs and symptoms of breast cancer and get regular screenings to increase your chances of catching it early. If you notice any changes in your breasts, see a healthcare professional right away. And if you have a family history of breast cancer, talk to your doctor about genetic testing and your options for reducing your risk. Stay informed and take care of your breast health.
References:
- American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer.html
- National Breast Cancer Foundation. Signs and Symptoms. https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-symptoms-and-signs
- Breastcancer.org. Breast Cancer Diagnosis. https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/testing/diagnosis